Aluminium ke tšepe e ngata haholo lefatšeng ebile ke eona ntho ea boraro e tloaelehileng e nang le 8% ea lefatše. Ho fapana ha Aluminium ho etsa hore e be tšepe e sebelisoang haholo ka mor'a tšepe.
Tlhahiso ea aluminium
Aluminium e tsoa ho bangoli ba liminerale. Bauxite e fetoloa ho axinium Oxide (alumina) ka ts'ebetso ea bayer. Joale Adumina o sokolohela tšepe ea aluminium a sebelisa lisele tsa elektroly le ts'ebetso ea holo ea mohale.
Tlhoko ea selemo le selemo ea aluminium
Ho batla aluminium lefatšeng ka bophara ho pota lithane tse 29 ka selemo. Li-Tons tse ka bang limilione tse 22 ke aluminium e ncha le li-Tons tse limilione tse 7 e ntse e hlakoloa li-scrap tse ngata. Ts'ebeliso ea Aluminum e nchafalitsoeng e na le moruo le e qobellang tikolohong. Ho nka Kwh ho hlahisa 1,000 ho hlahisa tonne ea aluminium e ncha. Ka lehlakoreng le leng ho nka karolo ea 5% feela ho hopola le ho nchafatsa tonne ea aluminium. Ha ho na phapang ea boleng pakeng tsa moroetsana 'me ea anyesang allominium alonyum.
Likopo tsa Aluminium
E hloekilengAluminiume bonolo, duchela, ho loantšana le ho loantšana ebile ho na le boits'oaro bo phahameng ba motlakase. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa mekhabiso ea metlae ea foil le mokhanni, empa ho anyesa le lintho tse ling ho hlokahala ho fa matla a phahameng a hlokahalang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling. Aluminium ke e 'ngoe ea lienjineri tse bobebe ka ho fetesisa, ho ba le matla a ho ba boima ba maemo a boima ba maemo a honotha.
Ka ho sebelisa mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea thepa ea eona e ntle e kang matla joalo, khanyetso, koetliso, aluminium e ntse e sebelisoa ho palo e ntseng e eketseha ea lits'ebetso. Lenane lena la lihlahisoa ho tloha ka lisebelisoa tsa sebopeho ho ea ho mealo e mesa.
Lits'oants'o tsa Alloylory
Aluminium e abeletsoa hangata ka koporo, zinc, magnesium, silisium, silicon, polison, manganese le lithium le lithium. Katsetso e nyane ea chromium, titanium, Zirkoth, Brission le Nickel le bona ba hlahisa ka bongata bo fokolang.
Ho na le li-aloys tse fetang 300 tse entsoeng ka 50 ka ts'ebeliso e tšoanang. Hangata ba khetholloa ke sistimi e 'ngoe e simolohileng USA mme e amoheloa hohle. Lethathamo 1 le hlalosa mokhoa oa ho etsa lintho tse ngata. Li-alloys tsa li-soloys li na le li-chewana tse tšoanang mme li sebelisa sistimi ea linomoro tse hlano.
Lethathamo la 1.Maiketsetso a alominum alominum.
| Element ea alo | E senyehile |
|---|---|
| Ha ho na (99% + Aluminium) | 1xxx |
| Koporo | 2xxx |
| Manang's | 3xxx |
| Silicon | 4xxx |
| Magnesium | 5xxx |
| Silnesium + silicon | 6xxx |
| Zinc | 7xxx |
| Lithium | 8xxx |
Bakeng sa li-aluminium tse sa lebelloang tse khethiloeng li hlophisitsoe 1xxx, linomoro tse peli tsa ho qetela li emela ho hloeka ha tšepe. Li tšoana le linomoro tse peli tsa ho qetela kamora ntlha ea kahlolo ea hae ha aluminium a hloekisoa liperesente tse haufi tsa 0.01. Diwin ea bobeli e bontša liphetoho maemong a ka ho fetesisa. Haeba nomoro ea bobeli ke "zero
Bakeng sa 2xxx ho lihlopha tse pelixx ho tse peli, lihlahla tse peli tsa ho qetela li supa lifokiso tse fapaneng tsa aluminium sehlopheng. Mongolo oa bobeli o bonts'a liphetoho tse sa lefelloeng. Nomoro ea bobeli ea zero e bontša alloy le linomoro 1 ho isa ho tse 16 ho bonts'a liphetoho tse latellanang tse latellanang.
Thepa ea 'mele ea aluminium
Letsoalo la aluminium
Aluminium e na le mabenyane ho potoloha karolo ea boraro ea tšepe kapa koporo ho e etsa ea lie tse bobebe haholo khoebong. Matla a sephetho a phahameng bakeng sa karolelano ea boima ba boima bo etsa hore ho be le thepa ea bohlokoa e lumellang chelete e eketsehileng kapa ho boloka mafura bakeng sa li-indasteri tse tsamaisoang haholo.
Matla a Aluminium
Aluminium e hloekileng ha e na matla a phahameng a metso. Leha ho le joalo, tlatsetso ea lintho tse etsahalang joaloka Manganese, silicon, koporo le magromium e ka eketsa thepa ea aluminium le ho hlahisa arethe e nang le thepa e tsamaeang le lits'ebetso tse lokisitsoeng likopo tse itseng.
Aluminiume loketse libaka tse batang. E na le monyetla oa tšepe ka hore 'matla a eona a questile a eketseha ka mocheso o fokotsehileng o ntse o boloka ho thatafala. Tšepe ka lehlakoreng le leng e fetoha brittle mochesong o tlase.
Ho hanela ho tsitsipana ha Aluminiumum
Ha e pepesetsoa moea, mokato oa liforomo tsa aluminium oxide hoo e batlang e le ntle ho aluminium. Karolo ena e na le khanyetso e ntle ho moqomo. E hanela li-acid tse ngata haholo empa e hanana le alkalis.
Ho sebelisoa ha aluminium
Ho kenella ha aluminium ho ka ba meholo ka makhetlo a mararo ho feta ea tšepe. Sena se etsa hore Aluminium e be thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho futhumatsa le ho futhumatsa likopo tse kang ho futhumatsa mocheso. E kopantsoe le eona ho se koaeloang ke aluminium e sebelisoa haholo lijana tsa ho pheha le ka kichineng.
Boitšoaro ba motlakase ba Aluminum
Hammoho le koporo, aluminium e na le boitšoaro ba motlakase bo boholo bo lekaneng hore e be mokhanni oa motlakase. Le ha boitšoaro ba bo sebelisitsoeng hangata ba ne bo se boloy (1350) bo se feela karolo ea boraro ha e bapisoa le koporo ea boima bo lekanang.
Ho kenyelletsa Aluminium
Ho tloha UV ho ea ho infra-e khubelu, aluminium ke sepakapaka se setle sa matla a maholo. Bokhoni ba leseli bo bonahalang ba 80% bo bolela hore e sebelisoa haholo ka likhoto. Thepa e tšoanang ea bonahano e etsaAluminiumE loketseng hantle joalo ka lingoliloeng tsa ho laola ho sireletsa khahlanong le mahlaseli a letsatsi hlabula, ha a ntse a ntse a u qhekella khahlanong le tahlehelo ea mocheso mariha.
Lethathamo la 2.Thepa bakeng sa aluminium.
| Thepa | Boleng |
|---|---|
| Nomoro ea Atomic | 13 |
| Boima ba Atomic (G / Mol) | 26.98 |
| Valency | 3 |
| Crystal sebopeho | Fcc |
| Ntlha ea ho qhibiliha (° C) | 660.2 |
| Khoele ea ho pheha (° C) | 2480 |
| Bolela mocheso o tobileng (0-100 ° C) (CAL / g. ° C) | 0.219 |
| Ho kenella hoa motlakase (0-100 ° C) (CAL / CMS. ° C) | 0.57 |
| E sebetsa hantle ka kotloloho ka celsity celsity (0-100 ° C) (x10-6 / ° C) | 23.5 |
| Litšoantšo tsa motlakase ka 20 ° C (ω.CM) | 2.69 |
| Mabenyane (g / cm3) | 2.6898 |
| Modululus oa Elasticity (GPA) | 68.3 |
| Likabelo tsa poissons | 0.34 |
Mechini ea Mechanicum ea Aluminium
Aluminium e ka fokotsoa haholo ntle le ho se atlehe. Sena se lumella aluminium ho thehoa ka ho cheka, ho se phele, ho taka le mekhoa e meng ea metsamao. E ka ferekanya ho mamella haholo.
Ho anyesa, ho sebetsa ha ho bata le ho phekola ho ka sebelisoa kaofela ha metsi a ka fetoloa thepa ea aluminium.
Matla a mabenyane a aluminium a hloekileng a ka 90 mpa empa sena se ka eketsoa ho feta 690 mpa bakeng sa li-alloys tse ling tse thata ka ho phekoang ka thata.
Melao ea Aluminium
Lenaneo la khale la BS1470 le fetotsoe ke litekanyetso tse robong tsa en. Litekanyetso tsa en li fuoa tafoleng ea 4.
Lethathamo la 4.Ence litekanyetso tsa aluminium
| Tloaelo | Boholo |
|---|---|
| En485-1 | Maemo a mahlale a tlhahlobo le ho tsamaisoa |
| En485-2 | Thepa ea Mechani |
| En485-3 | Ho mamella ka lisebelisoa tse futhumetseng |
| En485-4 | Ho mamella ka ho bata |
| En515 | LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO |
| En573-1 | Tsamaiso ea Balika ea Alloy |
| En573-2 | Sistimi ea Letšoao la Chemi ea lik'hemik'hale |
| En573-3 | Likhamphani tsa lik'hemik'hale |
| En573-4 | Mefuta ea sehlahisoa ho aloys e fapaneng |
Litekanyetso tsa ents li fapana le melao ea khale, BS1470 likarolong tse latelang:
- Likhak'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale - ha e fetohe.
- Sistimi ea lipalo ea aloy - e sa fetohe.
- Lipolelo tsa mocheso tsa futhumatsang tsa mocheso hona joale joale li akaretsa mefuta e mengata ea moea o mongata. Ho fihlela linomoro tse 'ne kamora hore T li hlahisoe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse sa fetoheng (mohlala: t6151).
- Lipolelo tsa mocheso tsa moea o sa fetoheng kalafo - li sa fetohe empa li se li hlalositsoe haholoanyane ho latela hore na li entsoe joang mabapi le hore na li entsoe joang. Fokotsa (O) bohale bo botle hona joale ho se h111 le temple e bohareng ea H112 e hlahisitsoe. Bakeng sa Alloy 5251 mocheso o se o bontšoa e le h32 / h34 / h36 / h38 (e lekanang le H22 / H24, j2 H19 / H22 & H24 e se e bontšoa ka thoko.
- Melemo ea Mechani - lula e ts'oana le lipalo tse fetileng. Setšoantšo sa batho ba 0,2% se tlameha ho qotsoa ka setifikeiti sa liteko.
- Ho mamella ho matlafalitsoe ke likhato tse fapaneng.
Phekolo ea mocheso ea Aluminium
Litlhare tse ngata tsa mocheso li ka sebelisoa ho Aluminium Aloys:
- HomoenGisation - ho tlosoa ha khetho ka ho futhumatsa ka mor'a ho
- Anineling - e sebelisitsoe kamora ho bata ho sebetsa ho sofa-hardneting aloys (1xxx, 3xxx le 5xxx).
- Pricicicicor kapa lilemo tse ngata (Alloys 2xxx, 6xxx le 7xxx).
- Tharollo phekolo ea mocheso pele ho tsofala ha pula hape e sa sebetse.
- Ho boloka ho phehisana ha likopano
- Kamora kalafo ea mocheso o lekaneng e eketsoa linomoro tsa sebopeho.
- Seteishene se "bo bolelang" joalo ka ha e etsoa ".
- O May "Lihlahisoa tse patiloeng" tse patiloeng ".
- Ho bolela hore e bile "mocheso o phekotsoeng".
- Ho bolela boitsebiso boo e bile mocheso oa tharollo.
- H e bua ka mefuta e mengata ea mocheso e nang le "serame se ile sa sebetsa" kapa "Strain futeloe".
- Li-alloys tse ntle tsa pheko ea pheko ke tsona tse ka 3xxx, li-4xxx le lihlopha tsa 5xxx le 5xxx le 5xxx le li-5xxx.
Nako ea poso: Jun-16-2021