Bafuputsi Lefapheng la Matla la United States (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory ba na le histori e telele ea ho sibolloa ha li-betri tsa lithium-ion. Bongata ba liphetho tsena ke tsa cathode ea betri, e bitsoang NMC, nickel manganese le cobalt oxide. Betri e nang le cathode ena joale e fana ka matla Chevrolet Bolt.
Bafuputsi ba Argonne ba fihletse katleho e 'ngoe ho li-cathodes tsa NMC. Sebopeho sa sehlopha se secha sa cathode se ka etsa hore betri e tšoarelle le ho sireletseha haholoanyane, e khone ho sebetsa ka matla a phahameng haholo le ho fana ka maeto a malelele.
"Hona joale re na le tataiso eo baetsi ba betri ba ka e sebelisang ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa cathode tse phahameng, tse se nang moeli," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
"Li-cathode tse teng tsa NMC li hlahisa tšitiso e kholo mosebetsing o phahameng oa motlakase," ho boletse setsebi sa k'hemistri Guiliang Xu. Ka libaesekele tsa ho ntša litefello, ts'ebetso e theoha ka potlako ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha mapetsong a likaroloana tsa cathode. Ka lilemo tse mashome, bafuputsi ba betri ba ntse ba batla litsela tsa ho lokisa mapetsong ana.
Mokhoa o mong nakong e fetileng o ne o sebelisa likaroloana tse chitja tse entsoeng ka likaroloana tse ngata tse nyenyane haholo. Likaroloana tse kholo tsa spherical ke polycrystalline, e nang le libaka tsa kristale tse fapaneng. Ka lebaka leo, ba na le seo bo-rasaense ba se bitsang meeli ea lijo-thollo pakeng tsa likaroloana, tse ka etsang hore betere e phatlohe nakong ea potoloho. Ho thibela sena, basebetsi-'moho le Xu le Argonne ba ne ba kile ba theha lesela le sireletsang la polymer ho potoloha karolo ka 'ngoe. Ho roala hona ho pota-potile likaroloana tse kholo tsa chitja le likaroloana tse nyenyane ka hare ho tsona.
Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho qoba ho phunyeha ha mofuta ona ke ho sebelisa likaroloana tse le' ngoe tsa kristale. Elektrone microscopy ea likaroloana tsena e bontšitse hore ha li na meeli.
Bothata ba sehlopha e ne e le hore li-cathodes tse entsoeng ka li-polycrystals tse koahetsoeng le likristale tse le 'ngoe li ntse li phunyeha nakong ea libaesekele. Ka hona, ba ile ba etsa tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea lisebelisoa tsena tsa cathode ho Advanced Photon Source (APS) le Setsi sa Nanomaterials (CNM) Setsing sa Saense sa Argonne sa Lefapha la Matla la US.
Litlhahlobo tse fapaneng tsa x-ray li entsoe matsohong a mahlano a APS (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C le 34-ID-E). Hoa etsahala hore seo bo-rasaense ba neng ba nahana hore ke kristale e le 'ngoe, joalokaha ho bontšoa ke electron le X-ray microscopy, ha e le hantle e ne e e-na le moeli ka hare. Ho hlahloba le ho fetisa microscope ea elektronike ea CNM e netefalitse qeto ena.
Setsebi sa fisiks Wenjun Liu se itse: “Ha re sheba sebōpeho sa likaroloana tsena, li ne li shebahala joaloka kristale e le ’ngoe. “<“但是，当我們在APS 使用一种称为同步加速器X 射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时过，我们在木术时时，我们知道说： “ <“但是 , 当 在 使用 使用种 称為 同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜的 技术 和 其他 时 。Leha ho le joalo, ha re sebelisa mokhoa o bitsoang synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy le mekhoa e meng ea APS, re fumane hore meeli e ne e patiloe ka hare.
Habohlokoa, sehlopha se thehile mokhoa oa ho hlahisa likristale tse le 'ngoe ntle le meeli. Ho hlahloba lisele tse nyenyane tse nang le cathode ena ea kristale e le 'ngoe ka li-voltages tse phahameng haholo li bontšitse keketseho ea 25% ea polokelo ea matla ka tekanyo ea yuniti ka hoo e batlang e se na tahlehelo ea ts'ebetso ho feta liteko tsa 100. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-cathode tsa NMC tse entsoeng ka likristale tse le 'ngoe tse nang le mefuta e mengata kapa li-polycrystals tse koahetsoeng li bontšitse ho theoha ha 60% ho ea ho 88% ka nako e tšoanang ea bophelo.
Lipalo tsa tekanyo ea atomic li senola mokhoa oa ho fokotsa matla a cathode. Ho ea ka Maria Chang, setsebi sa nanoscient CNM, meeli e ka 'na ea lahleheloa ke liathomo tsa oksijene ha betri e qosoa ho feta libaka tse hōle le tsona. Tahlehelo ena ea oksijene e lebisa ho senyeha ha potoloho ea lisele.
"Lipalo tsa rona li bontša hore na moeli o ka etsa hore oksijene e lokolloe ka khatello e phahameng, e leng se ka lebisang ho fokotseng ts'ebetso," ho boletse Chan.
Ho felisa moeli ho thibela ho iphetola ha oksijene, ka hona ho ntlafatsa polokeho le botsitso ba cyclic ea cathode. Litekanyo tsa ho iphetola ha oksijene ka APS le mohloli oa lebone o tsoetseng pele Lefapheng la Eneji la Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory li tiisa qeto ena.
"Hona joale re na le tataiso eo baetsi ba betri ba ka e sebelisang ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa cathode tse se nang meeli le ho sebetsa ka khatello e phahameng," ho boletse Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Litaelo li lokela ho sebetsa ho lisebelisoa tsa cathode ntle le NMC."
Sengoliloeng se mabapi le thuto ena se hlahile koranteng ea Nature Energy. Ho phaella ho Xu, Amin, Liu le Chang, bangoli ba Argonne ke Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Chengjun Sun, Tao Zhou, Ming Du, le Zonghai Chen. Bo-rasaense ba tsoang Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, le Zengqing Zhuo), Univesithi ea Xiamen (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang le Shi-Gang Sun) le Univesithi ea Tsinghua (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng le Mingao Ouyang).
Mabapi le Setsi sa Argonne sa Nanomaterials Setsi sa Nanomaterials, e leng se seng sa litsi tse hlano tsa lipatlisiso tsa nanotechnology tsa Lefapha la Matla la US, ke setsi sa naha sa basebelisi ba naha bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse fapaneng tsa nanoscale tse tšehetsoeng ke Ofisi ea Saense ea Lefapha la Matla la US. Ka kopanelo, NSRCs li theha sehlopha sa litsi tse tlatselletsang tse fanang ka bafuputsi ka bokhoni ba morao-rao ba ho qapa, ho lokisa, ho tšoaea, le ho etsa mohlala oa thepa ea nanoscale le ho emela matsete a maholohali a litšebeletso tlas'a Morero oa Naha oa Nanotechnology. NSRC e fumaneha Lefapheng la United States la Energy National Laboratories ho Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia le Los Alamos. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka NSRC DOE, etela https://​science.osti​.gov/Us​-FaacIlit​ie S/Us er-Fac ie s-at-a-a Glance.
Lefapha la Amerika la Mohloli o Tsoetseng Pele oa Lifoto (APS) ho Argonne National Laboratory ke o mong oa mehloli ea X-ray e hlahisang litholoana haholo lefatšeng. APS e fana ka li-X-ray tse matla haholo ho sechaba sa lipatlisiso tse fapaneng tsa mahlale a thepa, k'hemistri, fisiks ea taba e khuts'oane, bophelo le mahlale a tikoloho, le lipatlisiso tse sebelisitsoeng. Li-X-ray tsena li nepahetse bakeng sa ho ithuta lisebelisoa le libopeho tsa baeloji, kabo ea likarolo, lik'hemik'hale, maemo a makenete le a elektroniki, le litsamaiso tsa bohlokoa tsa boenjiniere tsa mefuta eohle, ho tloha ho libeteri ho isa ho li-nozzles tsa ente ea mafura, tse bohlokoa moruong oa naha ea rona, thekenoloji. . le mmele Motheo wa bophelo bo botle. Selemo se seng le se seng, bafuputsi ba fetang 5,000 ba sebelisa APS ho hatisa likhatiso tse fetang 2,000 tse hlalosang lintho tsa bohlokoa tse sibolotsoeng le ho rarolla libopeho tsa protheine ea likokoana-hloko ho feta basebelisi ba setsi leha e le sefe sa lipatlisiso tsa X-ray. Bo-ramahlale le baenjiniere ba APS ba kenya tšebetsong mahlale a macha ao e leng motheo oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-accelerator le mehloli ea leseli. Sena se kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse hlahisang li-X-ray tse khanyang haholo tse ananeloang ke bafuputsi, lilense tse shebaneng le X-ray ho ea ho li-nanometer tse seng kae, lisebelisoa tse ntlafatsang tsela eo X-ray e sebelisanang ka eona le sampole e ntseng e ithutoa, le pokello le taolo ea litšibollo tsa APS. Patlisiso e hlahisa lipalo tse kholo tsa data.
Boithuto bona bo sebelisitse mehloli e tsoang ho Advanced Photon Source, Ofisi ea Basebelisi ea Lefapha la Matla la US e sebelisoang ke Argonne National Laboratory bakeng sa Ofisi ea Saense ea Lefapha la Matla la US tlasa nomoro ea konteraka DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Argonne National Laboratory e ikitlaelletsa ho rarolla mathata a hatellang a mahlale a lapeng le thekenoloji. Joaloka laboratori ea pele ea naha United States, Argonne e etsa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha le tse sebelisoang hoo e batlang e le thutong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mahlale. Bafuputsi ba Argonne ba sebetsa haufi-ufi le bafuputsi ba makholo a lik'hamphani, liunivesithi, le mekhatlo ea mmuso, ea naha le ea masepala ho ba thusa ho rarolla mathata a itseng, ho ntšetsa pele boetapele ba mahlale a US, le ho lokisetsa sechaba bokamoso bo molemo. Argonne e hira basebetsi ba tsoang linaheng tse fetang 60 'me e tsamaisoa ke UChicago Argonne, LLC ea Ofisi ea Saense ea Lefapha la Matla la United States.
Ofisi ea Saense ea Lefapha la Matla la United States ke motšehetsi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa naha oa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha tsa mahlale a fisiks, e sebeletsang ho rarolla tse ling tsa litaba tse hatellang haholo mehleng ea rona. Ho fumana lintlha tse ling, etela https://energy​.gov/science​ience.