Ka kholo ea aluminium ka har'a indasteri ea ho etsa litšepe, le ho amoheloa ha eona e le mokhoa o babatsehang oa ho sebelisa tšepe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata, ho na le litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha bakeng sa ba amehang ho nts'etsapele merero ea aluminium ho tloaelana le sehlopha sena sa thepa. Ho utloisisa aluminium ka botlalo, ho bohlokoa ho qala ka ho tloaelana le sistimi ea boitsebahatso ea aluminium, lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa aluminium tse fumanehang le litšobotsi tsa tsona.

The Aluminium Alloy Temper le Sistimi ea ho khetha- Amerika Leboea, The Aluminium Association Inc. e ikarabella bakeng sa kabo le ho ngolisoa ha lisebelisoa tsa aluminium. Hajoale ho na le aluminium e betliloeng e fetang 400 le lialloi tsa aluminium tse betliloeng le lialloi tse fetang 200 ka mokhoa oa ho etsa lintho le li-ingots tse ngolisitsoeng ho Aluminium Association. Meeli ea motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsena tsohle tse ngolisitsoeng li fumaneha ho Aluminium Association'sBuka ea Teale nang le sehlooho se reng “Likhetho tsa Machaba tsa Alloy le Meeli ea Moetso oa Lik’hemik’hale bakeng sa Aluminium e Setsoeng le Metsoako ea Aluminium e Setsoeng” le ka har’a tsona.Buka e pinkie nang le sehlooho se reng “Meeli ea Meetso le Lik'hemik'hale Bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tsa Aluminium ka Sebopeho sa Castings le Ingot. Lingoliloeng tsena li ka ba molemo haholo ho moenjiniere oa ho cheselletsa ha a ntse a etsa mekhoa ea ho cheselletsa, 'me ha ho nahanoa ka k'hemistri le kamano ea eona le crack sensitivity ho le bohlokoa.

Li-alloys tsa aluminium li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse 'maloa ho latela litšobotsi tsa thepa e itseng joalo ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho arabela kalafo ea mocheso le mochini le ntho ea mantlha ea alloying e kentsoeng motsoako oa aluminium. Ha re nahana ka sistimi ea linomoro / ea boitsebahatso e sebelisetsoang lisebelisoa tsa aluminium, litšoaneleho tse kaholimo lia tsejoa. Li-aluminium tse entsoeng le tse entsoeng li na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho khetholla. Sistimi e sebetsoang ke sistimi ea linomoro tse 4 'me libapali li na le sistimi ea sebaka sa linomoro tse 3 le 1-decimal.

Sistimi ea Khethollo ea Alloy e entsoeng- Re tla qala ka ho nahana ka mokhoa oa ho tsebahatsa oa aluminium o nang le linomoro tse 4. Nomoro ea pele (Xxxx) e bonts'a karolo ea mantlha ea alloy, e kentsoeng ho motsoako oa aluminium 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho hlalosa letoto la alloy aluminium, ke hore, 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, ho fihla ho 8000 series (sheba tafole 1).

Nomoro ea bobeli e le 'ngoe (xXxx), haeba e fapane le 0, e bontša phetoho ea motsoako o itseng, le linomoro tsa boraro le tsa bone (xx).XX) ke linomoro tse sa lekanyetsoang tse fanoeng ho khetholla motsoako o itseng letotong. Mohlala: Ka alloy 5183, nomoro ea 5 e bontša hore ke ea letoto la magnesium alloy, 1 e bontša hore ke 1.^stphetoho ho motsoako oa pele oa 5083, 'me 83 e e tsebahatsa letotong la 5xxx.

Mokhelo feela tsamaisong ena ea linomoro tsa alloy ke 1xxx series aluminium alloys (pure aluminium) moo, lipalo tse 2 tsa ho qetela li fana ka karolo e tlase ea aluminium ka holimo ho 99%, ke hore, Alloy 13.(50)(99.50% bonyane ba aluminium).

SEBELISA ALUMINIUM Alloy MORAO TSAMAISO

Lethathamo la 1

Sebopeho sa Cast Alloy- Sistimi ea mabitso a li-cast alloy e thehiloe holim'a lebitso la xxx.x la linomoro tse 3 tsa linomoro tse 3 (ke 356.0). Nomoro ea pele (Xxx.x) e bonts'a motsoako o ka sehloohong oa motsoako, o kentsoeng motsoako oa aluminium (sheba tafole 2).

SEBELISA ALUMINIUM Alloy MORAO TSAMAISO

Lethathamo la 2

Nomoro ea bobeli le ea boraro (xXX.x) ke linomoro tse sa lumellaneng tse fanoeng ho supa motsoako o itseng letotong. Nomoro e latelang ntlha ea decimal e bontša hore na motsoako ke ho lahla (.0) kapa ingot (.1 kapa .2). Sehlongoa sa tlhaku e kholo se bontša phetoho ho alloy e itseng.
Mohlala: Alloy – A356.0 motse-moholo A (Axxx.x) e bonts'a phetoho ea alloy 356.0. Nomoro ea 3 (A3xx.x) e bontša hore ke ea silicon plus copper le/kapa magnesium series. Ba 56 ho (Ax56.0) e khetholla motsoako ka har'a letoto la 3xx.x, le .0 (Axxx.0) e bontša hore ke sebōpeho sa ho qetela e seng engot.

Sistimi ea ho khetha mocheso oa aluminium -Haeba re nahana ka letoto le fapaneng la li-alloys tsa aluminium, re tla bona hore ho na le phapang e kholo litšoanelehong tsa bona le ts'ebeliso e latelang. Ntlha ea pele eo u lokelang ho e ela hloko, ka mor'a ho utloisisa tsamaiso ea boitsebiso, ke hore ho na le mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea aluminium ka har'a letoto le boletsoeng ka holimo. Tsena ke li-alloys tsa Aluminium tse Phekolohang Mocheso (tse ka fumanang matla ka ho eketsoa ha mocheso) le li-alloys tsa Non-Heat Treatable Aluminium. Phapang ena e bohlokoa haholo ha ho nahanoa ka litlamorao tsa ho cheselletsa li-arc mefuteng ena e 'meli ea thepa.

Lisebelisoa tsa 1xxx, 3xxx, le 5xxx tse betliloeng tsa aluminium ha li phekolehe 'me li thatafala feela. Lisebelisoa tsa 2xxx, 6xxx, le 7xxx tse betliloeng tsa aluminium li ka phekoleha mocheso 'me 4xxx e na le lialloi tse ka phekolehang le tse sa phekoleheng mochesong. Li-alloys tsa 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x le 7xx.x li ka phekoleha mocheso. Ho thatafatsa khatello ha e sebelisoe hangata ho li-castings.

Li-alloys tse phekolehang mocheso li fumana lisebelisoa tsa tsona tse nepahetseng ka mokhoa oa kalafo ea mocheso, liphekolo tse atileng haholo ke Tharollo ea Mocheso le Botsofali ba Maiketsetso. Phekolo ea Mocheso oa Tharollo ke mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa motsoako ho mocheso o phahameng (hoo e ka bang 990 Deg. F) e le ho kenya likarolo tsa motsoako kapa metsoako ka tharollo. Sena se lateloa ke ho tima, hangata ka metsing, ho hlahisa motsoako o mongata haholo mochesong oa kamore. Phekolo ea mocheso oa tharollo hangata e lateloa ke botsofali. Botsofali ke ho na ha karolo ea lielemente kapa metsoako e tsoang motsoakong oa supersaturated e le ho fana ka thepa e lakatsehang.

Li-alloys tse sa phekoleheng ka mocheso li fumana thepa ea tsona e ntle ka ho fetisisa ka Strain Hardening. Ho thatafatsa khatello ke mokhoa oa ho eketsa matla ka ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso e batang.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

LIEKETSENG MOTHEO MOHALE

Lethathamo la 3

Ntle le lebitso la mantlha la khalefo, ho na le mekhahlelo e 'meli ea karohano, e' ngoe e bua ka "H" Temper - Strain Hardening, 'me e' ngoe e bua ka lebitso la "T" Temper - Thermally Treated.

Likaroloana tsa H Temper - Strain Hardened

Nomoro ea pele ka mor'a H e bontša ts'ebetso ea mantlha:
H1- Sefate se thatafalitsoeng feela.
H2- Mathata a thatafalitsoe 'me a ntšitsoe ka mokhoa o itseng.
H3- Khatello e thatafetse ebile e tsitsitse.
H4- Mathata a thata ebile a entsoe ka Lacquered kapa a pentiloe.

Nomoro ea bobeli ka mor'a H e bontša tekanyo ea ho thatafala ha khatello:
HX2- Quarter Hard HX4- Half Hard HX6- Likarolo tse tharo tse thata
HX8- HX e Felletseng ka thata9– Thata ho Feta

Likaroloana tsa T Temper - Phekolo ea Thermally

T1- Ka tlhaho o tsofetse ka mor'a ho pholile ho tloha boemong bo phahameng ba mocheso, joalo ka extruding.
T2- Mohatsela o sebetswa ka mora ho tsidifala ha mocheso o phahameng mme o tsofala ka tlhaho.
T3- Tharollo e phekoloa mocheso, serame e sebelitse ebile e tsofetse ka tlhaho.
T4- Tharollo mocheso-phekolo le ka tlhaho tsofetseng.
T5- E tsofetse ka mor'a ho pholile ho tloha ts'ebetsong e phahameng ea mocheso.
T6- Tharollo mocheso-pheko le artificially tsofetseng.
T7- Tharollo e phekoloa mocheso le ho tsitsisoa (e feteletse).
T8- Tharollo e phekoloa mocheso, serame e sebelitse le ho tsofala ka maiketsetso.
T9- Tharollo mocheso tšoaroa, artificially tsofetseng le serame sebetsa.
T10- Mohatsela o sebetswa ka mora ho tsidifatswa ho tswa ho maemo a phahameng a mocheso mme ebe o tsofala ka tsela ya maiketsetso.

Linomoro tse ling li bontša ho imoloha kelellong.
Mehlala:
TX51kapa TXX51– Khatello ea kelello e imoloha ka ho otlolla.
TX52kapa TXX52- Khatello ea maikutlo e imoloha ka ho hatella.

Lisebelisoa tsa Aluminium le Litšobotsi tsa tsona- Haeba re nahana ka lihlopha tse supileng tsa li-alloys tse entsoeng ka aluminium, re tla ananela liphapang tsa tsona le ho utloisisa litšebeliso le litšobotsi tsa tsona.

Li-alloys tsa 1xxx- (e sa phekoleheng mocheso - ka matla a ho qetela a 10 ho 27 ksi) letoto lena hangata le bitsoa letoto le hloekileng la aluminium hobane ho hlokahala hore ho be le 99.0% bonyane ba aluminium. Li cheseha. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la mokhoa o moqotetsane oa ho qhibiliha, ho hlokahala hore ho nahanoe ka mokhoa o itseng e le ho hlahisa mekhoa e amohelehang ea ho cheselletsa. Ha li nkuoa bakeng sa ho etsoa, ​​li-alloys tsena li khethiloe haholo-holo bakeng sa khanyetso ea tsona e phahameng ea kutu, joalo ka litanka tse khethehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale le liphaephe, kapa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tsona e ntle ea motlakase joalo ka lits'ebetsong tsa libese. Li-alloys tsena li na le lisebelisoa tse fokolang haholo 'me li ka nkoa ka seoelo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e akaretsang ea sebopeho. Li-alloys tsena tsa mantlha hangata li chesetsoa ka thepa e tšoanang ea li-filler kapa ka li-alloys tsa 4xxx tse ipapisitseng le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso le ts'ebetso.

2xxx Series Alloys- (mocheso o ka phekoleha- ka matla a ho qetela a 27 ho ea ho 62 ksi) tsena ke li-alloys tsa aluminium / koporo (litlatsetso tsa koporo ho tloha ho 0.7 ho ea ho 6.8%), 'me li na le matla a phahameng, li-alloys tse phahameng tse sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa sefofane le lifofane. Li na le matla a babatsehang holim'a mefuta e mengata ea mocheso. Tse ling tsa li-alloys tsena li nkoa li sa chesehe ka mekhoa ea ho cheselletsa arc ka lebaka la ts'oaetso ea tsona ea ho phatloha ho chesang le khatello ea maikutlo ea ho senya; leha ho le joalo, tse ling li entsoe ka li-arc ka katleho haholo ka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho cheselletsa. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa mantlha li atisa ho chesoa ka li-alloys tsa li-filler tse matla tse phahameng tsa 2xxx tse etselitsoeng ho ts'oana le ts'ebetso ea tsona, empa ka linako tse ling li ka tšeloa ka li-filler tsa 4xxx tse nang le silicon kapa silicon le koporo, ho latela ts'ebeliso le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeletso.

3xxx Series Alloys- (e sa phekoleheng mocheso - ka matla a ho qetela a 16 ho isa ho 41 ksi) Tsena ke li-alloys tsa aluminium / manganese (litlatsetso tsa manganese ho tloha ho 0.05 ho isa ho 1.8%) 'me li na le matla a itekanetseng, li na le khanyetso e ntle ea kutu, sebōpeho se setle' me li loketse bakeng sa tshebediso ya mocheso o phahameng. E 'ngoe ea litšebeliso tsa bona tsa pele e ne e le lipitsa le lipane,' me ke tsona karolo e kholo kajeno bakeng sa li-heaters tsa likoloi le lifeme tsa motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, matla a bona a itekanetseng, hangata a sitisa ho nahanela ha tsona bakeng sa tšebeliso ea meralo. Li-alloys tsena li entsoe ka li-alloys tsa 1xxx, 4xxx le 5xxx series, ho itšetlehile ka k'hemistri ea bona le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ts'ebeliso le litšebeletso.

4xxx Series Alloys- (mocheso o ka phekoleha 'me o sa phekolehe - ka matla a ho qetela a 25 ho isa ho 55 ksi) Tsena ke lialloys tsa aluminium / silicon (li-silicone tse tsoang ho 0.6 ho isa ho 21.5%) 'me ke tsona feela letoto le nang le mocheso o ka phekolehang le o sa phekoleheng. metsoako e phekolehang ka mocheso. Silicon, ha e kenngoa ho aluminiamo, e fokotsa ntlha ea eona ea ho qhibiliha 'me e ntlafatsa mokelikeli oa eona ha e qhibiliha. Litšobotsi tsena lia lakatseha bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho tlatsa tse sebelisoang bakeng sa fusion welding le brazing. Ka lebaka leo, letoto lena la li-alloys le fumanoa hangata e le lisebelisoa tsa ho tlatsa. Silicon, e ikemetseng ka aluminium, ha e phekolehe ka mocheso; leha ho le joalo, tse 'maloa tsa li-alloys tsena tsa silicon li etselitsoe ho ba le litlatsetso tsa magnesium kapa koporo, e ba fang bokhoni ba ho arabela hantle ho tharollo ea mocheso. Ka tloaelo, li-alloys tsena tsa li-filler tse phekolehang mocheso li sebelisoa feela ha karolo e cheselitsoeng e lokela ho kenngoa kalafong ea mocheso oa poso.

5xxx Series Alloys- (e sa phekoleheng mocheso - ka matla a ho qetela a 18 ho ea ho 51 ksi) Tsena ke li-alloys tsa aluminium / magnesium (tlatsetso ea magnesium ho tloha ho 0.2 ho ea ho 6.2%) 'me e na le matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a li-alloys tse sa phekoleheng mocheso. Ho phaella moo, letoto lena la alloy le bonolo ho chesehela, 'me ka mabaka ana le sebelisoa bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea likopo tse kang ho haha ​​​​likepe, lipalangoang, likepe tsa khatello, marokho le mehaho. Li-alloys tsa motheo tsa magnesium li atisa ho chesetsoa ka li-alloys tsa filler, tse khethiloeng ka mor'a ho nahanisisa ka litaba tsa magnesium tsa thepa ea motheo, le ts'ebeliso le maemo a ts'ebeletso ea karolo e cheselitsoeng. Li-alloys letotong lena tse nang le magnesium e fetang 3.0% ha li khothalletsoe bakeng sa ts'ebeletso e phahameng ea mocheso ka holimo ho 150 deg F ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho susumetsa le ho ba le ts'oaetso e latelang ea khatello ea maikutlo ea ho senya. Lisebelisoa tsa motheo tse nang le magnesium e ka tlase ho 2.5% hangata li chesetsoa ka katleho ka li-alloys tsa filler tsa 5xxx kapa 4xxx. The base alloy 5052 ka kakaretso e amoheloa e le alloy ea mantlha ea magnesium e ka tšeptjoang ka 4xxx series filler alloy. Ka lebaka la mathata a amanang le ho qhibiliha ha eutectic le thepa e mpe e amanang le mochini o ts'oaretsoeng, ha ho kgothaletswe ho tjheseletsa thepa letotong lena la alloy, le nang le palo e phahameng ea magnesium le li-filler tsa 4xxx. Lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa magnesium li entsoe feela ka li-alloys tsa 5xxx, tse lumellanang hantle le sebopeho sa alloy.

Li-alloys tsa 6XXX Series- (mocheso o ka phekoleha - ka matla a ho qetela a 18 ho isa ho 58 ksi) Tsena ke lialloys tsa aluminium / magnesium - silicon (matlafatso a magnesium le silicon a ka bang 1.0%) 'me a fumanoa hohle indastering ea ho etsa litšepe, e sebelisoang haholo ka mokhoa oa li-extrusions, 'me li kenyelelitsoe likarolong tse ngata tsa sebopeho. Ho eketsoa ha magnesium le silicon ho aluminium ho hlahisa motsoako oa magnesium-silicide, e fanang ka thepa ena bokhoni ba eona ba ho fetoha mocheso oa tharollo bakeng sa matla a ntlafetseng. Li-alloys tsena ka tlhaho li tiisitsoe ka thata, 'me ka lebaka lena, ha lia lokela ho ts'oaroa ka mokhoa o ikemetseng (ntle le thepa ea ho tlatsa). Ho eketsoa ha lisebelisoa tse lekaneng tsa li-filler nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding ea arc ho bohlokoa e le ho fana ka dilution ea lisebelisoa tsa motheo, ka hona ho thibela bothata ba ho phatloha ho chesang. Li cheselitsoe ka lisebelisoa tse peli tsa 4xxx le 5xxx, ho ipapisitsoe le kopo le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeletso.

7XXX Series Alloys- (mocheso o ka phekoleha - ka matla a ho qetela a 32 ho ea ho 88 ksi) Tsena ke li-alloys tsa aluminium / zinki (lihlopha tsa zinki ho tloha ho 0.8 ho ea ho 12.0%) 'me li na le lisebelisoa tse ling tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa aluminium. Li-alloys tsena hangata li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso joalo ka lifofane, sefofane, le lisebelisoa tsa lipapali tsa tlholisano. Joalo ka letoto la li-alloys tsa 2xxx, letoto lena le kenyelletsa li-alloys tse nkoang li sa tšoanelehe bakeng sa welding ea arc, le tse ling, tseo hangata li cheselitsoeng ka katleho ka arc. Li-alloys tse atisang ho chesetsoa letotong lena, joalo ka 7005, li entsoe haholo ka li-alloys tsa 5xxx.

Kakaretso- Lisebelisoa tsa kajeno tsa aluminium, hammoho le khalefo ea tsona e fapaneng, li na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso. Bakeng sa moralo o nepahetseng oa sehlahisoa le nts'etsopele e atlehileng ea ts'ebetso ea welding, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa phapang lipakeng tsa li-alloys tse ngata tse fumanehang le litšobotsi tsa tsona tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea weldability. Ha ho etsoa lits'ebetso tsa ho tjheseletsa arc bakeng sa li-alloys tsena tse fapaneng, ho tlameha ho nahanoa ka alloy e khethehileng e cheselitsoeng. Hangata ho boleloa hore arc welding ea aluminium ha e thata, "e fapane feela". Ke lumela hore karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho utloisisa liphapang tsena ke ho tloaelana le li-alloys tse sa tšoaneng, litšobotsi tsa tsona le mokhoa oa tsona oa ho khetholla.