Terata ea Kovarke terata e khethehileng ea alloy e atolositsoeng ka mokhoa o tlase, e tsebahalang haholo ka thepa ea eona e ikhethang ea ho bapisa mocheso.

E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa indastering e nang le lintlha tse nepahetseng tse kang tsa elektroniki, tsa lifofane le tsa bongaka. Tataiso ena e araba potso ea mantlha ea hore na terata ea Kovar ke eng 'me e hlalosa ka botlalo tšebeliso ea eona ea bohlokoa, hammoho le litharollo tsa rona tsa terata ea Kovar tsa boleng bo holimo.

1. Terata ea Kovar ke Eng?

1.1 Tlhaloso ea Motheo

Terata ea Kovar ke terata ea tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ka vacuum-automatic iron-nickel-cobalt, e etselitsoeng taolo e nepahetseng ea katoloso ea mocheso.

Molemo oa eona o moholo ke ho bapisa tekanyo ea katoloso ea mocheso ea khalase ea borosilicate le liseramike, e leng se nolofalletsang ho koaloa ha hermetic ho se nang sekoli.

1.2 Sebopeho se Tloaelehileng sa Lik'hemik'hale

Terata ea Kovar e na le motsoako o laoloang ka thata ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng:

- Tšepe (Fe): 53-54% (tekanyo)

- Nikele (Ni): 28.5-29.5%

- Cobalt (Ko): 16.8-17.8%

Dikarolo tse latelang (Mn, Si, C) di lekanyeditswe ka ho feletseng ho fihla ho 0.5% max ka nngwe.

1.3 Maemo a Bohlokoa le Litlhopho

E latela maemo a machaba ho netefatsa hore e lumellana lits'ebetsong tsohle.

- ASTM F15 (tekanyetso ea mantlha bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa motsoako oa Kovar)

- UNS K94610, Werkstoff Nr. 1.3981 (litlhaloso tsa thepa ea lefats'e)

E tsejoang hape e le 4J29 maemong a Sechaena, e ka fapanyetsana le Nilo-K libakeng tse ling.

2. Litšobotsi tsa Bohlokoa tsa Terata ea Kovar

2.1 Katoloso ea Thermal e Tlase le e Tsitsitseng

Koefficient ea eona ea katoloso ea mocheso (4.6-5.2×10⁻⁶/℃, 20-400℃) e ts'oana hantle le khalase ea borosilicate.

Sena se felisa mapetso a khatello nakong ea ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa, e leng se netefatsang ho koaloa ho tšepahalang.

2.2 Ho Sebetsa Hantle Haholo

E na le bokgoni bo botle ba ho dutla mme e ka hulwa ka hara dithapo tse nyane, ya kobeha le ho kopanngwa ha bonolo.

E loketse ho hula ka mokhoa o batang, ho hatakela, le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tjheseletsa (argon arc, laser welding).

2.3 Mocheso o Phahameng le Botsitso ba ho Koahela

E boloka tshebetso e tsitsitseng mochesong o fihlang ho 450℃, ka ntlha ya ho qhibiliha ya 1450℃.

E etsa litiiso tse sa keneng moea tse nang le khalase/seramike, tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea vacuum le ts'ebeliso e tšepahalang haholo.

3. Terata ea Kovar khahlanong le Lithapo tse Tšoanang tsa Alloy: Tafole ea Papiso

Tafole e ka tlase e totobatsa melemo e ikhethang ea terata ea Kovar ho feta lithapo tsa constantan le cupro nickel:

4. Terata ea Kovar e Sebelisoa Joang? Liketsahalo tsa Bohlokoa tsa Tšebeliso

4.1 Sephutheloana sa Elektroniki le Semiconductor

E sebelisoa e le lithapo tsa loto bakeng sa lipeipi tsa vacuum, li-transistors, li-diode le lipotoloho tse kopantsoeng.

E nolofalletsa ho kwala ha mocheso ka li-insulator tsa khalase, e sireletsa likarolo tsa kahare mongobong le tšilafalong.

4.2 Lifofane le Lifofane

E sebelisoa likarolong tsa elektroniki tsa lifofane le lisebelisoa tsa puisano tsa sathelaete.

Ho tsitsa ha eona mochesong ho mamella ho feto-fetoha ho feteletseng ha mocheso libakeng tsa lifofane.

4.3 Lisebelisoa tsa Bongaka

E sebelisoa ho li-sensor tsa bongaka, lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, le lihokelo tsa hermetic.

E fihlela litlhoko tse tiileng tsa ho lumellana ha lintho tse phelang le tsa botšepehi bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bongaka.

4.4 Lisebelisoa tsa Optical le Vacuum

E sebelisoa litiisong tsa khalase ho isa tšepe bakeng sa likhoele tsa optical, li-tube tsa microwave, le lisebelisoa tsa X-ray.

E netefatsa hore moea ha o kene hantle le hore mocheso o tsamaellane le litsamaiso tsa optical tse nepahetseng haholo.

5. Lihlahisoa tsa Rona tsa Kovar Wire: Litharollo tse Tšepahalang bakeng sa Litlhoko tsa Hao

5.1 Litlhaloso tse Felletseng

E koahela boleng bo tloaelehileng (4J29/Kovar) ka bophara ba terata ho tloha ho 0.10mm ho isa ho 5.0mm.

E fumaneha ka di-spool, di-coil, kapa bolelele ba ho kgaola, ho latela maemo a ASTM F15.

5.2 Litšebeletso tse Ikhethileng

Fana ka bophara ba terata bo ikhethileng le kalafo ea bokaholimo (ho poleiti, oxidation) bakeng sa litlhoko tse itseng tsa ho koala.

Iketsetse ditharollo bakeng sa ditshebediso tse nyane tsa ho nepahala kapa diotara tse kgolo tsa indasteri.

5.3 Taolo e Tiileng ea Boleng

Teko ea pele ho pepa ea 100%, ho kenyeletsoa le liteko tsa ho atolosa mocheso, sebopeho le mamello ea bophara.

Tlhahiso e qhibilihisitsoeng ka vacuum e netefatsa ts'ebetso e ts'oanang le bohloeki bo phahameng.

6. Qetello

Terata ea Kovar ke terata ea alloy e sa nkeloeng sebaka e nang le katoloso e tlase, e hlalosoang ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho bapisa mocheso le ho tiisa ka har'a metsi.

Tšebeliso ea eona e pharaletseng mafapheng a elektronike, lifofaneng le litabeng tsa bongaka e paka bohlokoa ba eona bo sebetsang le botšepehi.

Terata ea rona ea Kovar ea boleng bo holimoLihlahisoa li sebelisa melemo ena ka botlalo. Haeba u hloka terata ea alloy e tšepahalang kapa e sa atoloheng haholo, ikopanye le rona bakeng sa litlhahiso tse ikhethileng le tšehetso ea tekheniki.